The "And Ratio" in the Pauline Espistles Examined
G.D.O'Bradovich III
April, 2014
We will examine if the occult can confirm what modern scholarship states; namely that the epistles attributed to Saint Paul are, in fact, his writings. The King James version of the Bible has been used to determine the number of words and the number of uses of the word "and". The formula is the number of words divided by the number of "ands". The total number of words is from the English, not the Greek language, so there is no pretense of scientific exactness.
Epistle
Romans First Corinthians Second Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians First Thessalonians Second Thessalonians First Timothy Second Timothy Titus Philemon Total of all Epistles |
Number of Words
9,872 9,913 6,335 3,237 3,183 2,290 2,077 1,931 1,071 2,362 1,752 944 455 45,422 |
Number of "and"s
257 287 163 75 125 88 92 86 48 102 70 37 13 1,443 |
"The And Ratio"
38.41 34.54 38.87 43.16 25.46 26.02 22.58 22.45 22.31 23.16 25.03 25.51 35.00 31.48 |
The above table has been rearranged below to show the highest to the lowest ratios.
Galatians
Second Corinthians Romans Philemon First Corinthians Average of all Epistles Philippians Titus Ephesians Second Timothy First Timothy Colossians First Thessalonians Second Thessalonians |
43.16
38.87 38.41 35.00 34.54 31.48 26.02 25.51 25.46 25.03 23.16 22.58 22.45 22.31 |
The standard deviation is 7.18 and this deviation, when added to and subratced from the average, gives a range between 38.62 and 24.02. The extremes are in bold.
Galatians
Second Corinthians Romans Philemon First Corinthians Average of all Epistles Philippians Titus Ephesians Second Timothy First Timothy Colossians First Thessalonians Second Thessalonians |
43.16
38.87 38.41 35.00 34.54 31.48 26.02 25.51 25.46 25.03 23.16 22.58 22.45 22.31 |
Per Wikipeida, these letters thought to be pseudepigraphic by about 80% of scholars:
Titus
Ephesians
First Timothy
Second Timothy
The letters on which scholars are about evenly divided:
Colossians
Second Thessalonians
The questionable letters are underlined.
Titus
Ephesians
First Timothy
Second Timothy
The letters on which scholars are about evenly divided:
Colossians
Second Thessalonians
The questionable letters are underlined.
Galatians
Second Corinthians Romans Philemon First Corinthians Average of all Epistles Philippians Titus Ephesians Second Timothy First Timothy Colossians First Thessalonians Second Thessalonians |
43.16
38.87 38.41 35.00 34.54 31.48 26.02 25.51 25.46 25.03 23.16 22.58 22.45 22.31 |
All the epistles modern scholarship questions have a lower ratio than the average of the works according to our analysis. We can not conclude, to our satisfaction if Titus, Ephesians, Second Timothy, First Timothy, Colossians and Second Thessalonians are not the works of Saint Paul. This research must be taken up by another occultist.
The "And Ratio" in Machiavelli's "Il Principe"
Apprentice Tyler applies the "And Ratio" to Machiavelli's "The Prince". And I come to an expected conclusion.